68 livres(s)
Télécharger le livre :  Stem Cells
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Stem Cells


Melinda Bonnie Fagan


What is a stem cell? The answer is seemingly obvious: a cell that is also a stem, or point of origin, for something else. Upon closer examination, however, this combination of ideas leads directly to fundamental questions about biological development. A cell is a basic...

Parution : 2021-05-27
Format(s) : PDF, ePub
J'achète
22,27
Télécharger le livre :  Adaptation
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Adaptation


Elisabeth Lloyd


Natural selection causes adaptation, the fit between an organism and its environment. For example, the white and grey coloration of snowy owls living and breeding around the Arctic Circle provides camouflage from both predators and prey. In this Element, we explore a...

Parution : 2021-05-27
Format(s) : PDF, ePub
J'achète
22,27
Télécharger le livre :  Semantics and the Ontology of Number
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Semantics and the Ontology of Number


Eric Snyder


What are the meanings of number expressions, and what can they tell us about questions of central importance to the philosophy of mathematics, specifically 'Do numbers exist?' This Element attempts to shed light on this question by outlining a recent debate between...

Parution : 2021-05-20
Format(s) : PDF, ePub
J'achète
22,27
Télécharger le livre :  Rational Choice Using Imprecise Probabilities and Utilities
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Rational Choice Using Imprecise Probabilities and Utilities


Paul Weirich


An agent often does not have precise probabilities or utilities to guide resolution of a decision problem. I advance a principle of rationality for making decisions in such cases. To begin, I represent the doxastic and conative state of an agent with a set of pairs of a...

Parution : 2021-02-25
Format(s) : PDF, ePub
J'achète
22,27
Télécharger le livre :  Comparative Thinking in Biology
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Comparative Thinking in Biology


Adrian Currie


Biologists often study living systems in light of their having evolved, of their being the products of various processes of heredity, adaptation, ancestry, and so on. In their investigations, then, biologists think comparatively: they situate lineages into models of...

Parution : 2021-02-18
Format(s) : PDF, ePub
J'achète
22,27
Télécharger le livre :  Big Data
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Big Data


Wolfgang Pietsch


Big Data and methods for analyzing large data sets such as machine learning have in recent times deeply transformed scientific practice in many fields. However, an epistemological study of these novel tools is still largely lacking. After a conceptual analysis of the...

Parution : 2021-02-18
Format(s) : PDF, ePub
J'achète
22,27
Télécharger le livre :  Unity of Science
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Unity of Science


Tuomas E. Tahko


Unity of science was once a very popular idea among both philosophers and scientists. But it has fallen out of fashion, largely because of its association with reductionism and the challenge from multiple realisation. Pluralism and the disunity of science are the new...

Parution : 2021-02-11
Format(s) : PDF, ePub
J'achète
22,27
Télécharger le livre :  Model Organisms
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Model Organisms


Rachel A. Ankeny , Sabina Leonelli


This Element presents a philosophical exploration of the concept of the 'model organism' in contemporary biology. Thinking about model organisms enables us to examine how living organisms have been brought into the laboratory and used to gain a better understanding of...

Parution : 2021-01-28
Format(s) : PDF, ePub
J'achète
22,27
Télécharger le livre :  Innovation and Certainty
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Innovation and Certainty


Mark Wilson


Beginning in the nineteenth century, mathematics' traditional domains of 'number and figure' became vigorously displaced by altered settings in which former verities became discarded as no longer sacrosanct. And these innovative recastings appeared everywhere, not...

Parution : 2021-01-07
Format(s) : PDF, ePub
J'achète
22,27
Télécharger le livre :  Mathematical Intuitionism
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Mathematical Intuitionism


Carl J. Posy


L. E. J. Brouwer, the founder of mathematical intuitionism, believed that mathematics and its objects must be humanly graspable. He initiated a program rebuilding modern mathematics according to that principle. This book introduces the reader to the mathematical core of...

Parution : 2020-11-12
Format(s) : PDF
J'achète
22,27
Télécharger le livre :  Dutch Book Arguments
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Dutch Book Arguments


Richard Pettigrew


Our beliefs come in degrees. I'm 70% confident it will rain tomorrow, and 0.001% sure my lottery ticket will win. What's more, we think these degrees of belief should abide by certain principles if they are to be rational. For instance, you shouldn't believe that a...

Parution : 2020-09-17
Format(s) : PDF
J'achète
22,27
Télécharger le livre :  How to Study Animal Minds
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How to Study Animal Minds


Kristin Andrews


Comparative psychology, the multidisciplinary study of animal behavior and psychology, confronts the challenge of how to study animals we find cute and easy to anthropomorphize, and animals we find odd and easy to objectify, without letting these biases negatively...

Parution : 2020-06-25
Format(s) : PDF, ePub
J'achète
22,27
Télécharger le livre :  Reduction and Mechanism
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Reduction and Mechanism


Alex Rosenberg


Reductionism is a widely endorsed methodology among biologists, a metaphysical theory advanced to vindicate the biologist's methodology, and an epistemic thesis those opposed to reductionism have been eager to refute. While the methodology has gone from strength to...

Parution : 2020-06-04
Format(s) : PDF, ePub
J'achète
22,27
Télécharger le livre :  Inheritance Systems and the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis
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Inheritance Systems and the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis


Eva Jablonka , Marion J. Lamb


Current knowledge of the genetic, epigenetic, behavioural and symbolic systems of inheritance requires a revision and extension of the mid-twentieth-century, gene-based, 'Modern Synthesis' version of Darwinian evolutionary theory. We present the case for this by first...

Parution : 2020-06-04
Format(s) : PDF, ePub
J'achète
22,27
Télécharger le livre :  The Missing Two-Thirds of Evolutionary Theory
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The Missing Two-Thirds of Evolutionary Theory


Robert N. Brandon , Daniel W. Mcshea


In this Element, we extend our earlier treatment of biology's first law. The law says that in any evolutionary system in which there is variation and heredity, there is a tendency for diversity and complexity to increase. The law plays the same role in biology that...

Parution : 2020-03-26
Format(s) : PDF, ePub
J'achète
22,27
Télécharger le livre :  The Challenge of Evolution to Religion
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The Challenge of Evolution to Religion


Helen De Cruz , Johan De Smedt


This Element focuses on three challenges of evolution to religion: teleology, human origins, and the evolution of religion itself. First, religious worldviews tend to presuppose a teleological understanding of the origins of living things, but scientists mostly...

Parution : 2020-02-13
Format(s) : PDF, ePub
J'achète
22,27
Télécharger le livre :  Philosophy of Immunology
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Philosophy of Immunology


Thomas Pradeu


Immunology is central to contemporary biology and medicine, but it also provides novel philosophical insights. Its most significant contribution to philosophy concerns the understanding of biological individuality: what a biological individual is, what makes it unique,...

Parution : 2020-02-13
Format(s) : PDF, ePub
J'achète
22,27
Télécharger le livre :  Games in the Philosophy of Biology
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Games in the Philosophy of Biology


Cailin O'connor


This is an Element surveying the most important literature using game theory and evolutionary game theory to shed light on questions in the philosophy of biology. There are two branches of literature that the book focuses on. It begins with a short introduction to game...

Parution : 2020-02-13
Format(s) : PDF, ePub
J'achète
22,27
Télécharger le livre :  Paleoaesthetics and the Practice of Paleontology
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Paleoaesthetics and the Practice of Paleontology


Derek D. Turner


The practice of paleontology has an aesthetic as well as an epistemic dimension. Paleontology has distinctively aesthetic aims, such as cultivating sense of place and developing a better aesthetic appreciation of fossils. Scientific cognitivists in environmental...

Parution : 2019-10-24
Format(s) : PDF, ePub
J'achète
22,27
Télécharger le livre :  The Role of Mathematics in Evolutionary Theory
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The Role of Mathematics in Evolutionary Theory


Jun Otsuka


The central role of mathematical modeling in modern evolutionary theory has raised a concern as to why and how abstract formulae can say anything about empirical phenomena of evolution. This Element introduces existing philosophical approaches to this problem and...

Parution : 2019-10-17
Format(s) : PDF, ePub
J'achète
22,27
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