Ludvig Norman is Associate Professor of Political Science at Stockholm University and Senior Fellow in the Institute of European Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. His most recent works include Dilemmas of European Democracy, co-edited with Niklas Bremberg (2023), Robustness and Fragility of Political Orders, co-edited with Richard Ned Lebow (Cambridge University Press, 2022), as well as many articles in journals including Democratization, European Journal of International Relations, Journal of Common Market Studies and Political Studies.