Ilaria Espa is a postdoctoral researcher at the World Trade Institute (WTI), Universität Bern, Switzerland, the Scientific Coordinator of the WTI Doctoral Programme and a lecturer at the Università degli Studi di Milano. A former Marie Curie fellow, she received her Ph.D. in International Law and Economics from Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi, Milano. Her dissertation, Export Restrictions on Critical Minerals and Metals: Testing the Adequacy of WTO Disciplines, was published by Cambridge University Press in 2015.